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| In "benzene," on each C one electron bonds with an H, 1 bonds with a C, 2 bond with another C. The first 3 electrons are in co-planar "sigma sp2 hybrid" bonds 120° apart. The 4th electron is perpendicular to the ring in the "pi" configuration. "Pi" electrons on adjacent carbons connect to form "pi bonds." (Click "Toggle Bonds").
But there are two ways the pi electrons can pair (in blue clouds). The electrons jump between these two configurations in what is called "resonance." Because they can jump along the ring, pi bonds will conduct electrical current.
Thus, carbon chains will conduct if they contain an alternation of single and multiple bonds (double or triple). These chains are said to be "conjugated."
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